Written by: Emily Sherman
4/19/2011 7:15 AM       

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HIV Infectiveness – Facts on Severity and Contagiousness

Worldwide, HIV is beginning to separate into distinctive groups called clades or subtypes. Viruses may vary by 15 to 20% within a clade; between clades, they may vary by 30% or more. Currently, HIV-1, the most common major type of HIV, has 11 such clades. In the United States, about 90% of the cases are caused by HIV-1, clade B. Generally, this clade is also the most common elsewhere in the developed Western world. In sub-Saharan Africa, the predominant clade is C; in the Far East and Asia, clade E is the most common.

A second major HIV type, HIV-2, is found primarily in Western Africa and is rare in the United States. The progression from infection to AIDS is much longer with HIV-2. In fact, most people infected with HIV-2 have a life span that is normal for the area. The classification divides the progress of HIV infection in adults into three clinical stages or categories. At category A stage, the infection may show no symptoms or cause unrelenting inflamed lymph nodes. The category B stage is distinguished by constant infections from yeast Candida albicans, which can appear in the vagina, mouth, or throat. Other conditions include shingles, fever, persistent diarrhea, whitish patch on the mouth, and definite cancerous or pre-cancerous conditions of the cervix. The Category C stage is the clinical AIDS. Significant AIDS marker condition is Candida albicans infection of esophagus, lungs, and bronchi; cytomegalovirus eye infections; tuberculosis; pneumonia; toxoplasmosis of the brain; and Kaposi’s sarcoma.

They classified the progress of HIV infectiveness based on T-cell populations. The purpose is to primarily furnish guidance for treatment, such as when to administer certain drugs. The succession from first HIV infection to AIDS usually takes about 10 years in adults. HIV infection devastates the immune system, which is then unable to respond effectively to pathogens. Success in treating these conditions has extended the lives of many HIV-infected people.

As the past records of AIDS epidemic lengthen, it has turned apparent that not every HIV-positive individuals advance inevitably to AIDS or death. A major group, about 5% of all those contaminated, are long-term non-successors. These tainted individuals stay free from AIDS and even symptoms; and their CD4 T-cell counts remain stable. Survival exceeding 25 years is predicted. In some instances, the virus appears less virulent; but in the majority of cases, the immune system, particularly the T-cells, is actually more effective.

The age of the infected person can also be an important factor. Older adults are less able to replace antiviral T-cell populations. Infants and younger children have an immune system that is not fully developed. They are much more susceptible to opportunistic infections. Infants born to HIV-positive mothers are not always infected, in fact, only about 20% are. Infants who are most seriously infected survive less than 18 months. Another surprising facet of the AIDS contagion is that a few people have been subjected to numerous HIV contacts and yet never befall infected at all. The substantiation is that their CD4 T-cells are naturally resistant. Get tested at STD clinics and have regular check-ups so as to avoid the possible complications of the disease as well as stop the spread from one person to another.

 

Tags: Cancerous Conditions, Cell Populations, Distinctive Groups, Hiv Type, Persistent Diarrhea

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